Occupational Mite Allergy and Asthma: An EAACI Task Force Report

Abstract

Mite sensitization is notable in several occupational settings. Elevated house dust mite concentrations are primarily detected in workplaces where people congregate and are active. Allergy to storage mites and spider mites has commonly been reported in agricultural and various food processing occupations. Rapid expansion of biological pest control has resulted in increased exposure to predatory mites causing sensitization of greenhouse workers. Globally, mite populations in workplaces are likely to change due to climate change. Occupational relevant mites produce a variety of allergens and adjuvants that trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses. Cross-reactivity between allergens occurs due to shared IgE-binding epitopes to different allergens. Occupational allergy to mites typically causes rhinitis and asthma. Challenges of distinguishing the role of occupational exposure to allergens, also present in non-occupational environments, complicate the diagnosis of occupational mite allergy and asthma. Nevertheless, preventive measures to reduce exposure to mite allergens in workplaces are essential in mitigating occupational hazards. Further research is needed to better understand the incidence of occupational mite allergy and asthma. It is essential to identify the risk factors in different occupational settings, assess the impact of climate change on exposure, and determine the relevant allergens and their potential cross-reactivity.