Androgenetic Alopecia: An Update on Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Treatment

Abstract

Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) is a common type of alopecia. The pathogenesis of AGA involves genetic predisposition, androgen metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired energy metabolism. The choice of therapeutic agents for the treatment of AGA remains controversial globally, with finasteride and minoxidil being the only two widely recognized and legally approved therapeutic options. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of drugs targeting different pathogenic mechanisms of AGA. This article reviews the main drugs currently used for AGA treatment. By summarizing their mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy, it aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical basis and clinical reference for the treatment of AGA.