Adverse host responses to bacterial toxins in human infants

Abstract

Bacterial toxin interaction with the intestinal epithelium is regulated developmentally as well as by nutritional factors. It is the binding of bacterial toxins to the epithelium followed by several events that forms the basis of infantile diarrhea, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. There has been increasing interest in bacterial toxin interaction with the enterocyte, postreceptor events that follow and the effect of developmental regulation on necrotizing enterocolitis. Diet and environmental factors can provide a major influence on bacterial-enterocyte interaction. Particularly important is the role of breast milk and its constituents, as well as probiotics, in this regard. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview on this complex interaction.