Characterizing the food and physical activity environments of selected public schools in Region IV-A, Philippines

Abstract

Introduction: Schools are key settings for shaping the dietary and physical activity behaviors of adolescents. In the Philippines, limited evidence exists on the characteristics of school nutrition environments, constraining efforts to design effective interventions. Methods: This study characterized the food and physical activity environments of selected public schools in Region IV-A, Philippines. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed in six purposively selected public schools representing both urban and rural settings. Data were collected through a student survey (n=178), geospatial mapping of food vendors within a 150-meter radius of each school, and direct observation of school-based physical activity infrastructure. Descriptive statistics and spatial analysis using the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) were applied to assess vendor density and environmental features. Results: School canteens were identified as consistent food sources, yet students were frequently exposed to and purchased items from external food vendors. Vendor density was highest within 50 meters of school gates, especially in urban areas. Physical activity infrastructure varied across schools. While basketball courts and open spaces were common, spatial constraints in schools limited opportunities for movement. Discussion: Findings highlight the influence of school environments on adolescents’ access to food and physical opportunities. Strengthening the integration of national nutrition policies with local government regulations, alongside regular monitoring and evaluation, is essential to ensure policy coherence and impact. Moreover, school-based interventions should be complemented by local measures that regulate food access near schools and enhance physical activity infrastructure to better support adolescent health and well-being.