EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES

Abstract

Dental caries affects a large percentage of children worldwide. It is a multifactorial disease, with diets rich in fermentable carbohydrates playing a major role in its aetiology. Parental attitudes and behaviour towards diet and oral hygiene as well as low socioeconomic status all have an impact on the disease process. Even though caries in itself is not life-threatening, grossly carious teeth can lead to abscess formation and facial swellings which can become life-threatening. This is therefore of major significance as it undoubtedly has an impact on general health and well-being and affects the quality of life, including an individual’s ability to function normally. Untreated dental caries can lead to abscess formation and the resultant pain can influence the ability of children to function optimally in their day-to-day lives. This can affect their ability to learn due to their inability to concentrate and can cause children to miss school. Changes in behaviour, play and eating patterns as well as sleep disturbances could be an indication of pain due to caries. Decay of the primary dentition is also one of the main reasons why children are hospitalized. Premature tooth loss can lead to the development of orthodontic problems as teeth do not erupt in the correct position. Long-term consequences such as speech problems and loss of chewing function can result and may lead to emotional and psychological after-effects which can ultimately have a negative impact on the quality of life. Children’s oral health has been shown to have a positive correlation with parental care-giving behaviour. The early years of a child’s life is considered to be the most important phase of development. It is therefore imperative that any interventions be implemented early to prevent disease progression and the subsequent negative impact it can have on the child’s quality of life. Education is therefore essential to try and combat this very preventable disease with farreaching consequences.