SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and the endocrine system

Abstract

As SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) overtakes the world, causing moderate to severe disease in about 15% of infected patients, COVID-19 is also found to have widespread effects throughout the body with a myriad of clinical manifestations including the endocrine system. This manuscript reviews what is known about the impact of COVID-19 on the pathophysiology and management of diabetes (both outpatient and inpatient) as well as pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, bone, and gonadal function. Findings in this area are evolving, and long-term effects of infection remain an active area of further research.