Cardiovascular drug use and hospitalizations attributable to type 2 diabetes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE - To investigate cardiovascular drug use and hospitalizations attributable to type 2 diabetes from 1 year before until 6 years after the start of oral antidiabetic therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - In this cohort study, 2,584 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected from the PHARMO Record Linkage System, comprising pharmacy records and hospitalizations for all 320,000 residents of six Dutch cities. Patients with type 2 diabetes were identified as incident oral antidiabetic drug users between 1992 and 1997. Non-diabetic subjects were 1:1-matched for age, sex, pharmacy, and index date and received no insulin, oral antidiabetic drugs, or glucose-testing supplies. RESULTS - Patients with type 2 diabetes were more likely to use cardiovascular drugs (RR 1.28 [95% CI 1.23-1.34]) and to be hospitalized because of cardiovascular diseases (1.54 [1.33-1.78]) after the start of oral antidiabetic therapy than nondiabetic subjects. Differences between patients with type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic subjects lessened from 1 year before until 6 years after the start of oral antidiabetic therapy, reflected by decreasing attributable risks for diuretics, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and cardiac and antithrombotic drugs. The difference in use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and lipid-lowering drugs increased. Cardiovascular hospitalizations attributable to type 2 diabetes were ∼50% in the years close to the start of oral antidiabetic treatment and decreased to ∼33% in the following years. CONCLUSIONS - Although cardiovascular drug use and hospitalizations remained increased in patients with type 2 diabetes after the start of oral antidiabetic therapy, cardiovascular drug use attributable to type 2 diabetes decreased after the start of oral antidiabetic therapy, especially β-blockers, whereas cardiovascular hospitalizations first decreased and then stabilized.