Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy for acute ischemic stroke in older patients

Abstract

Aim: As the number of aged stroke patients increases in Japan, the proportion of older patients who receive recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA, 0.6 mg/kg) is also rising. However, the Japanese stroke guideline indicates that rt-PA therapy must be administered very carefully in older patients (i.e. 81 years of age) because of serious complications after the therapy. We retrospectively assessed the clinical outcomes of rt-PA therapy in older patients. Methods: This study included 321 patients who received rt-PA therapy for acute cerebral infarction at our hospital between April 2007 and April 2017. The outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score at 3 months after treatment) and symptomatic in-tracerebral hemorrhaging (sICH) were compared and analyzed between patients 81 years of age (group A) and those ＜81 years of age (group B). In addition, propensity score matching was performed for the factors shown to have significant differences by a univariate analysis in order to adjust for confounding factors, and the outcomes were compared. Results: There were 58 patients in group A (18.1%) and 263 patients in group B (81.9%). The rate of favorable outcomes (mRS 0-1) was lower in group A (12.1%) than in group B (44.1%) (P＜0.01). The mortality rate was higher in group A (17.2%) than in group B (4.6%) (P=0.002). No marked differences were observed between the 2 groups regarding the rate of sICH (group A, 3.4%; group B, 3.0%; P=1.00). After propensity score matching, the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes was significantly lower in group A (13.2%) than in group B (36.8%) (P=0.032). There were no marked differences in the mortality rates between the groups (group A, 17.2%; group B, 4.6%) (P=0.200), and no patients in either group had sICH. Conclusion: No marked differences in the incidence of ICH were observed between the older and younger groups receiving intravenous rt-PA therapy. However, in terms of efficacy, the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes was significantly lower in the older group than in the younger group.