The Revolution in Heart Valve Therapy: Focus on Novel Imaging Techniques in Intra-Procedural Guidance

Abstract

Transcatheter valvular interventions have undergone significant progress over the last years with novel treatment options in even complex valvular conditions. In conjunction with this development, innovative technologies have emerged to facilitate a comprehensive and precise imaging for optimal procedural guidance. These imaging novelties include fusion imaging, three-dimensional (3D) intracardiac echocardiography, and advanced and refined 3D echocardiography rendering tools. The present review provides an overview of these novel imaging tools in transcatheter valvular interventions with a focus on intraprocedural imaging. Abbreviations: 3D: Three-dimensional; ICE: Intracardiac echocardiography; TEE: Transesophageal echocardiography; CT: Computed tomography; CMR: Cardiac magnetic resonance tomography; TAVR: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement; MPR: Multiplanar reconstruction; TMVR: Transcatheter mitral valve replacement; PVL: Paravalvular leak.