Neurological Dysfunction Associated with Vitamin Deficiencies: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Vitamins are essential elements from various food sources that the nervous system requires to function correctly. Vitamin deficiency is a widespread public health problem in some populations particularly susceptible. The deficit of many different types of vitamins is associated with neurologic dysfunction. It commonly results from a complex interplay of factors related to inadequate intake, impaired absorption, increased demand, and/or increased excretion. The prevalence of vitamin deficiency is difficult to estimate precisely as it varies depending on the vitamin in question. In addition, the clinical presentation varies widely based on the type of vitamin deficiency. Specific signs or symptoms accompany the deficiency of each vitamin.