Uji Ketahanan Mutan M5 Cabai Hasil Kultur In Vitro terhadap Virus Gemini di Lapangan (Field Testing of M5 Chilli Mutans to Gemini Virus Resistancy)

Abstract

Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV) atau virus Gemini merupakan penyebab penyakit daun keriting kuning pada tanaman cabai. Pengendalian penyakit virus ini masih sulit dilakukan sampai saat ini. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dihasilkan mutan somaklon cabai melalui teknik kultur in vitro yang dikombinasikan dengan mutagen kimia EMS dan menunjukkan ketahanan terhadap virus kuning keriting (virus Gemini) pada pengujian di rumah kaca. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji tingkat ketahanan mutan cabai M5 terhadap virus Gemini di lapangan. Penelitian dilakukan di dua lokasi, yaitu Brebes (dataran rendah) dan Pacet-Cianjur (dataran tinggi) menggunakan 17 mutan cabai M5 dan tiga varietas pembanding. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 20 sampel uji yang terdiri atas 17 galur mutan M5, tiga varietas cabai pembanding dan tetua dengan empat ulangan. Untuk mengkonfirmasi adanya virus Gemini di lahan percobaan, dilakukan uji PCR. Hasil pengamatan terhadap insiden serangan virus Gemini pada tanaman menunjukkan bahwa insiden serangan di Brebes lebih tinggi dibandingkan di Pacet. Rata-rata insiden penyakit dan intensitas serangan virus Gemini di Brebes mencapai 96,97% dan 97,25% atau 3,5 kali lebih tinggi dari di Pacet masing-masing 25,73% dan 34,03%. Berdasarkan insiden, intensitas, dan analisis PCR menunjukkan bahwa galur 1, 3, dan 33 adaptif di dataran rendah dan tinggi, galur 1, 7, 63, 167, dan 192 adaptif di dataran tinggi, sedangkan 13 galur lainnya memiliki respon rentan dan sangat rentan terhadap virus Gemini. Keywords Cabai; Mutan; Ketahanan; Virus; Gemini Abstract Yellow leaf curl is one of the important diseases in chilli plants that caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV) or Gemini virus. The disease is very difficult to control. The use of resistant varieties is one solution that can be applied. In a previous study, chilli somaclone mutants were produced through in vitro culture combined with EMS mutagen. These mutants showed resistance to Gemini virus in the greenhouse test. The study was to determine the resistance level of the M5 chilli mutants to the Gemini virus in the field. The research was carried out in Brebes and in Pacet using a Randomized Complete Block Design with a total of 20 test samples consisting of 17 chilli mutants and three control varieties with four replications for observation. PCR analysis was conducted to confirm the presence of the Gemini virus in the experimental field. The results showed that the averaged incidence and intensity of Gemini virus attack in Brebes reached 96.97% and 97.25% was 3.5 times higher than in Pacet which were 25.73% and 34.03%, respectively. Based on the incidence, intensity and PCR analysis showed that lines 1, 3, and 33 were adaptive in the lowlands and highlands, lines 1, 7, 63, 167, and 192 were adaptive in the highlands, while the other 13 lines had a susceptible response and were very susceptible to Gemini virus.