Oligometastatic prostate cancer

Abstract

Background: With advancements in dia gnostic techniques, oligometastatic prostate cancer is dia gnosed in patients who were, in the past, considered to have localized dis ease. Moreover, evidence of the effectiveness of treatment intensification for this dis ease is increasing, focus ing on primary tumors as well as metastatic lesions. Thus, we can delay the start of systemic palliative treatment and improve over all survival. Many questions remain unclear, such as the definition of oligometastasis dis ease, or which patients should be offered aggressive treatment. Data are limited and come from small retrospective studies but show conclusively the benefits of survival in targeted primary prostate and metastatic prostate cancer ther apy with surgery or radiother apy. Often, stereotactic radiother apy is used in this indication, with minimal side effects. In retrospective studies, 3- 5 metastatic lesions were generally accepted for definition of oligometastatic dis ease, but patient subgroups were heterogeneous. A recent study attempts to better define oligometastatic dis ease and find out the right degree of intensification of treatment. When and in which patient to use metastasis-targeted ther apy and when the standard systemic treatment is already meaningful. It is already clear that selected patients benefit from targeted personalized treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to offer an update of the problem of oligometastatic prostate cancer. The article presents an overview of data from contemporary literature, modern possibilities of dia gnostic imag ing methods and treatment options of oligometastatic prostate cancer includ ing surgery and radiother apy.