Inheritance of Radial Fruit Cracking Resistance in Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Abstract

The shift of tomato cultivation from highlands to lowlands caused damage to the fruit due to fruit cracking. The damage was caused by high temperatures. This study aimed to determine the inheritance pattern of radial fruit cracking resistance and the characters that are directly related to fruit cracking so that it can recommend the right selection method for assembling radial fruit cracking resistant tomato. This study used six sets of population namely P1 female parents who were resistant to radial fruit cracking (IPB T64), P2 male parents who were sensitive to radial fruit cracking (IPB T73), F1, F1R, BCP1, BCP2, and F2. Mendel's analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative characters, and joint scaling test was used to the estimation of the actin genre of quantitative character. The results of the analysis showed that the character of the number of locules, the thickness of the fruit flesh and percentage of fruit cracking per plant were controlled by polygenes and there was no maternal effect. The herritability in a broad and narrow sense for all characters was moderate to high with a proportion of additives variance to total high genetic variability. The gene action for the number of locules was dominant epistasis x dominates and duplicates, for thicknesses of fruit flesh and fruit additive x dominan duplicate epistasis, and the number of fruit cracking by dominant epistasis gene x dominance, which was complementary. Radial fruit cracking which was controlled by the action of dominant epistasis gene by both parents with resistant genotype was FC3-FC4-, FC3FC3-fc4fc4, fc3fc3-FC4FC4 and genotype which was susceptible to radial fruit cracking was FC3fc3- fc4fc4, fc3fc3-FC4fc4 and fc3fc3- fc4fc4 . The selection method which was appropriate for the development of the best type of tomatoes that were resistant to fruit cracking was the pedigree method.