Why Bigger Is Not Better

Abstract

On the basis of a review of over 300 pieces of research evidence it can be demonstrated that the relationship between authority size and performance (efficiency and effectiveness) is unproven; the evidence is inconclusive. On the other hand, the evidence shows that there is a clear relationship between size of authority and the quality of local democracy (as measured by electoral turnout, accessibility of councillors and many other criteria): as size increases so the quality of local democracy deteriorates. The case for large county-based unitary authorities in England is further undermined by a recognition of its incompatibility with community identity, public preference and the fact that most counties in England do not comprise areas which have viability as foci for economic development. If the agenda of the 2020 reorganisation had been taken forward, the disparity between average local authority size in England and in Europe, already substantial, would become even greater and lead to a situation where the term ‘local’ could no longer meaningfully be applied to sub-national government in England.