Ports and Climate Change: Exploring Stakeholder Insights, Governance and Policy Gaps in Greek Ports

Abstract

Ports are crucial nodes in global supply chains, and are critical infrastructures for the execution of global trade and components of the Blue Economy; however, they are highly vulnerable to climate change implications, especially for insular countries like Greece. This study investigates port stakeholder perceptions, priorities, and preparedness for climate risks through field research with the use of questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The findings reveal a strong recognition of climate change threats—especially extreme weather conditions—but limited institutional capacity for adaptation. Key needs include targeted funding, regulatory clarity, and specialized environmental units. National coordination remains weak, with climate change often framed in economic rather than systemic terms. Smaller ports face greater exposure yet fewer resources. The results highlight governance gaps, emphasizing the need for integrated, stakeholder-informed strategies to enhance port resilience and ensure alignment with EU climate directives. This research provides evidence-based insights to guide policy development and foster adaptive capacity in the Greek port sector.