The euthanasia debate: synthesising the evidence on New Zealander's attitudes

Abstract

New Zealand is considering a change in law to permit euthanasia and/or assisted dying (EAD). We reviewed 20 years of research to investigate New Zealanders’ attitudes towards EAD, including those of health professionals. A systematic search was conducted using relevant databases. We identified 21 quantitative and 5 qualitative studies. For quantitative data, descriptive analyses were used to examine any demographic patterns that influenced attitudes. We reviewed the circumstances under which people think that EAD should be accessible, and which forms of EAD they support. All public attitude studies reported that the majority (68%) of respondents support EAD. There are few statistically significant demographic associations with attitudes toward EAD; exceptions include religiousity, educational attainment, and some ethnic groups. Health professionals’ attitudes varied by speciality. Qualitative research was analysed for reoccurring themes; ‘feeling like a burden’ was evident across most studies. We conclude from the quantitative research that public attitudes are stable and a majority are open to legislative change. However, the qualitative research reveals the complexity of the issue and indicates a need for careful consideration of any proposed law changes. It is unclear what safeguards people expect if the law changes. We found little research involving vulnerable and marginalised populations.