Silicon-mediated improvement in tolerance of economically important crops under drought stress

Abstract

Drought is considered as one of the significant threats to food security worldwide as it inhibits the growth, yield and quality of economically important crops. An increase in crop yield is considered a tremendous achievement as it will be helpful to meet the current growing demand for food in drought-stressed areas. Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant component in the soil. Recent research has revealed that Si can enhance plant tolerance against drought stress. In addition, application of Si can increase seed germination, underground and aboveground biomass, photosynthetic pigments, quality and yield of grains. Therefore, we have summarized the importance of Si in improving the drought tolerance in plants. Furthermore, we have explained the Si-mediated mechanisms which led to modifications in gas exchange properties, homeostasis of the nutrient element, synthesis of compatible solute, osmotic adjustments, antioxidant stimulation and enzymatic action in plants under drought stress. We believe that the current study will help in understanding the importance of Si application in plants under drought stress conditions.