Development of a grid-based clustering mechanism to improve leach performance in the wireless sensor network environment

Abstract

Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a routing algorithm in a cluster-based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). LEACH selects a node as a cluster head (CH) whose responsibility is for communicating with sinks and collect data from the node members. The distribution of CH on LEACH, which is basically random, sometimes has a problem in remembering the probability formula on each round. This may make the selected CH on the edge of the area as well as generate energy waste because the pathway formed will be lengthy. Therefore, we would like to develop the G-LEACH routing protocol using a merge CH technique in one area (grid) with several relevant parameters, such as the position of the node, the node with the largest remaining energy, and the distance calculated in three distances: the distance of the node to the clustercenter, the distance of the node to the merge CH, and the distance of the merge CH to the sink. The test result showed that combining clusters (merge CH) in the data transmission to the sink in the G-LEACH protocol could produce a longer network life on all node operations, lower energy required for all nodes, and more data package sent and received by the sink.