Biogas and biomethane in Brazil: overview and perspectives

Abstract

It is estimated that Brazil can currently produce 84.6 billion Nm3/year the world's largest potential for the production of biogas and, consequently, of biomethane. However, the Brazilian potential is not exploited. Despite a 779% growth between 2011 and 2020, biogas production remains at levels close to 1.5% of the national potential. Federal legislation is insufficient, and state-level legislation is not present in all federative units. The objective of the current study is to understand the regulatory situation of the biogas and biomethane sectors in Brazil and, subsequently, to present the challenges and opportunities of these sectors, in order to suggest development paths for them in the country. The study was developed through bibliographic research with collection of direct and indirect data from the researched industries and from official bodies, current legislation, scientific literature and research institutions. The results indicate that Brazil should include biogas and biomethane in the political agenda of the energy sector, grant economic incentives, promote research, improve the dissemination of technological routes, and use biogas and biomethane as a decarbonization strategy for energy transition, thus becoming a world leader in these sectors. This article aims at serving as reference for researchers and planners in the analyzed area, contributing to enriching the debate.