Integrated sustainability and resilience assessments of concrete infrastructures subjected to hazards: A systematic literature review

Abstract

Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity, causing major financial and societal impacts. To ensure the safety and functionality of built and natural systems, assessing the resilience and sustainability of civil infrastructure is essential. While often studied separately, integrating them into decision-making can maintain performance and minimize environmental harm. This study reviews approaches to reinforced concrete structures facing hazards and offers future research recommendations. The results show that sustainability assessments (SA) often include resilience indicators, using existing frameworks or new integrated approaches. SA methods typically rely on Life Cycle Assessments (LCA), focusing mainly on carbon emissions and energy use, while neglecting social factors. Resilience analyses often use performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) or risk analysis to measure functionality and address uncertainties. Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods were used to balance trade-offs between various parameters and objectives. A more adaptable framework is needed without compromising parameter complexity.