Analysis of Biomarkers and Marginal Bone Loss in Platform-Switched and Nonplatform-Switched Implants: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Objectives. To compare the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) biomarker levels, peri-implant status, and marginal bone level (MBL) differences of implants restored with randomly assigned nonplatform-switched (NPS) or platform-switched (PS) abutments. Methods. Ninety-four implants in 27 subjects were included in this study. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in PICF, peri-implant health, and the change in the MBL were evaluated at the time of restoration (T1) and after 12 months (T2). Results. The IL-1β levels decreased and the RANKL, OPG, and MCP-1 levels increased from T1 to T2 (P<0.05) in both groups. RANKL/OPG ratio at T1, MCP-1 levels at T2, and the MCP-1 change from T1 to T2 were lower in the PS group than in the NPS group (P<0.05). MBL change was lower (0.51±0.31 mm) in the PS group than that (0.75±0.29 mm) in the NPS group at T2 (P<0.001). Peri-implant health status between the study groups was negligible. Conclusion. PS was superior to NPS regarding the preservation of MBL. Higher MCP-1 levels, altered RANKL/OPG ratio, and lower OPG levels in the NPS group could be associated with subclinical peri-implant bone remodeling.