Potential endocrine disruptor activity of drinking water samples

Abstract

Conventional water treatment plants (WTP) do not completely remove contaminants with endocrine activity which may then be present in drinking water (DW). The potential for endocrine disruption of 2 DW samples collected in 2010 and 2012 from a conventional WTP in São Paulo, Brazil was investigated. In vivo assays were conducted with 21-day old female rats exposed to DW extracts for 3- (uterotrophic assay) or 20-days (pubertal assay). The exposure represented a daily ingestion of 2 L, 10 L and 20 L of DW per 60 kg-body weight. Caffeine (5.8 – 21 ug/L), estrone (1 ng/L), atrazine (2.2 – 11.2 ng/L), carbendazim (0.22 ng/L), azoxystrobin (0.23 ng/L), tebuconazole (0.19 ng/L) and imidacloprid (0.88 ng/L) were detected in DW extracts by LC-MS/MS. No increase in uterus wet weight in the uterotrophic assay, and no alteration of vaginal opening in the pubertal assay were observed. However, there were increased absolute blotted uterus weights in animals treated for 3-days with the 3 doses of both DW samples. LH and ...