Microbiome and Diabetes

Abstract

The prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance continues to rise. These conditions are associated with multiple social, genetic, and environmental risk factors, including the human gut microbiota, which has emerged as a critical mediator linked to metabolic disease. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota has personalized effects on the gut–brain axis, which controls metabolic function. Gut microbiota can be a great source of prognostic biomarkers and therapies for metabolic diseases. The microbiome also influences immune system development and homeostasis. In this review, I summarize recent findings regarding the association between the gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes. These findings will inform future diabetes mellitus prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.