Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Suicide Risk in Adolescents and Young Adults A Systematic Review

Abstract

PURPOSE: To examine the evidence of the impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on suicide risk in adolescents. METHOD: PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL were systematically searched. A priori inclusion criteria specified randomized controlled and quasi-experimental studies (published 2013 to 2023) in English, with participants aged 11 to 24 years. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and structured quality appraisals were used to ensure rigor. Studies evaluated CBT’s effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideation/attempts. RESULTS: Studies (N = 7) included participants (N = 3,996) from four countries (Australia, Canada, Iran, and the United States). Six of seven studies demonstrated statistically significant reductions in suicidal ideation with CBT (p ≤ 0.05). Schoolbased programs showed feasibility in reducing suicide risk while enhancing coping skills. No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION: CBT is a safe and effective intervention for reducing suicide risk in adolescents. Findings support its potential as an approach for youth, with further research needed to explore long-term outcomes and diverse populations.