MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: CURRENT APPROACHES, GAPS AND SOLUTIONS

Abstract

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is the global problem and it has been facing by both developedand developing countries. Increase in the population has more demand of resource consumption which furthergenerating a large amount of waste. The unsustainable waste management causing severe hazardous health andenvironmental effects, which are more observe in developing countries i.e. India. In India, municipal solid waste rangesbetween 0.3-0.6 kg per capita per day and it has been increasing annually at the rate of 1.33 percent per capita per day.There are some gaps in managing the solid waste such as inefficient collection of waste is varying from city to city wherethe door to door collecting is not done and due to the poor management of the waste, inadequate collection and unsuitabledisposal of waste; municipal solid waste systems are responsible for the inappropriate MSWM. The pollutant has beengenerated from the dump sites, the people living nearby the dumping sites are getting affected by poor water and airquality, to over some from this, approaches such as reduction, recycling, reuse and recovery. In developing countries, theeffective solid management is costly, it needs an integrated system that is well organized, socially supported andsustainable. From the worldwide perception, present waste management is lack of approach, consumption, extractionand recycling. In some countries, an enormous amount of garbage majorly come from the houses where the householdexperiencing low service gap and because to lack of adequate manpower and technical expertise the capability issues havebeen developing at the management site. Furthermore, suitable methods of final waste disposal are sanitary landfills. Forreducing the environmental hazardousness, landfill must be well operated, correctly design, sited carefully and before thedisposal treatment, recovery and recycling must be establish. In this study, a critically review the approaches, gap andsolution for municipal solid waste management is discussed. It has concluded from the study that with a proper planningand implementation of effective methods of waste collection, segregation of waste, its reuse and recycling could help indecreasing risk of the environmental effects of water, air and soil pollution.