Folic-Acid-Conjugated Thermoresponsive Polymeric Particles for Targeted Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil to CRC Cells

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the third most frequently diagnosed form of cancer associated with high mortality rates. Recently, targeted drug delivery systems have been under increasing attention owing to advantages such as high therapeutic effectiveness with a significant depletion in adverse events. In this report, we describe the biocompatible and thermoresponsive FA-conjugated PHEA-b-PNIPAAm copolymers as nanocarriers for the delivery of 5-FU. The block copolymers were obtained using RAFT (Reversible Addition–Fragmentation chain Transfer) polymerization and were characterized by methods such as SEC (Size Exclusion Chromatography), NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), UV–Vis (Ultraviolet–Visible), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, and TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis). Nanoparticles were formed from polymers with and without the drug-5-fluorouracil, which was confirmed using DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), zeta potential measurements, and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) imaging. The cloud points of the polymers were found to be close to the temperature of the human body. Eventually, polymeric carriers were tested as drug delivery systems for the safety, compatibility, and targeting of colorectal cancer cells (CRC). The biological evaluation indicated high compatibility with the representative host cells. Furthermore, it showed that proposed nanosystems might have therapeutic potential as mitigators for 5-FU-induced monocytopenia, cardiotoxicity, and other chemotherapy-associated disorders. Moreover, results show increased cytotoxicity against cancer cells compared to the drug, including a line with a drug resistance phenotype. Additionally, the ability of synthesized carriers to induce apoptosis and necrosis in treated CRC cells has been confirmed. Undoubtedly, the presented aspects of colorectal cancer therapy promise future solutions to overcome the conventional limitations of current treatment regimens for this type of cancer and to improve the quality of life of the patients.