Role of NMP22 and major trace element in diagnosis of bladder cancer

Abstract

Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer in the United States among genitourinary cancers. NMP-22 is a 240-kDa protein that is transitional cells specific that shed into the urine and has a 25-times higher concentration in the urine of bladder cancer patients than in non-cancer controls. Nowadays, trace elements are used as tumor biomarkers in different types of cancers. This study aimed to assay NMP22 (Nuclear Matrix Protein) and trace elements in bladder cancer patients. This case-control study was conducted at the Biochemistry Department / University of Baghdad/college of medicine. All patients were recruited from Gazi Al-Harery for Specialized Surgery during the period from October 2019 to February 2020. A total of 90 subjects were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups. The first group included 60 patients (52 male, 8 female) aged between 30-86 years and 34 of 60 patients who smoked for more than 1 year were defined as smokers. The highest number of patients with bladder cancer (35patients) was hematuria (Present) while (25patients) were non-hematuria. The second group included 30 healthy that have normal bladder tissue and without any previous history of any systemic diseases (non- smoker). NMP22 (Nuclear Matrix Protein), Trace element (zinc, copper, lead, iron, cadmium, manganese) were measured for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Results showed that the mean of serum NMP22 level in patients group (mean ± SD: 1210.2167 ± 669.88494) was significantly higher when compared to the mean of control group (mean ± SD: 383.7667 ± 107.47949) (P value= 0.0001). Significant increase in serum (Cu, Cd, and Pb) levels (Pvalue= 0.0001) and significant decrease in serum (Zn, Fe, and Mn) levels (P value= 0.0001) in bladder cancer patients when compared with normal group. The mean of serum iron level in patients (hematuria) group (mean ± SD: 56.3143 ± 6.43415) was significantly lower when compared to the mean of patients (non-hematuria) group (mean ± SD: 96.6800 ± 13.59755) (P value= 0.0001). Conclusion: the mean of serum NMP22 level in patients group of bladder cancer was significantly higher when compared to the mean of control (healthy) group. It is easily available and economical, and it causes no patient discomfort. Low serum (Zn, Fe, and Mn) and high (Cu, Cd, and Pb) levels in bladder cancer patients when compared with control. The mean of serum iron level in patients (hematuria) group was significantly lower when compared to the mean of patients (non hematuria) group.