Effects of ductus venosus obstruction on liver and regional blood flows in the fetal lamb

Abstract

The ductus venosus allows highly oxygenated blood returning from the umbilical-placental circulation to bypass the liver, and is believed thereby to facilitate preferential distribution of this blood to the fetal brain and heart. To examine this hypothesis, we developed a model that allows acute obstruction of the ductus venosus in chronically catheterized fetal lambs. In seven fetal lambs, a Swann-Ganz catheter was inserted into the inferior vena cava and the balloon tip advanced into the ductus venosus. Control measurements were obtained 1-2 d after surgery, before and during inflation of the balloon in the ductus venosus. At each sample time, radioactive microspheres were injected to determine organ blood flow and the distribution of umbilical venous blood flow. During balloon inflation, the percentage of umbilical venous return passing through the ductus venosus was reduced from 38 ± 15% to 1 ± 0.5%. Umbilical-placental blood flow was unchanged from control values of 181 ± 33 mL/min/kg. Total liver blood flow increased from 346 ± 98 to 553 ± 105 mL/min/ 100 g. Pressure in the inferior vena cava did not change, but umbilical venous pressure increased from 7.2 ± 2.7 to 8.7 ± 3.5 mm Hg. Total vascular resistance across the liver and ductus venosus increased from 0.013 ± 0.006 to 0.020 ± 0.011 during ductus venosus obstruction. Fetal heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and descending aortic pH and blood gases were unchanged, as was oxygen content in the descending aorta and carotid artery. Organ blood flows, combined ventricular output, and oxygen delivery were also unchanged. In five animals, these studies were repeated during maternal hypoxemia. Similar changes in liver blood flow were observed. Organ blood flows and oxygen delivery were not altered by ductus venosus obstruction during hypoxemia. We conclude that obstruction of the ductus venosus has no effect on regional blood flow distribution or oxygen delivery in normoxemic or hypoxemic animals. Because the hepatic microcirculation has such a high compliance, the ductus venosus is not crucial in regulating umbilical venous return to the central fetal circulation. © 1991 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.