Synthesis of Chitosan/Diatomite Composite as an Advanced Delivery System for Ibuprofen Drug; Equilibrium Studies and the Release Profile

Abstract

Chitosan/diatomite nanocomposite (CS/D) was synthesized as a low-cost and highly porous structure of enhanced physicochemical properties to be applied as advanced carriers for ibuprofen drug (IB). The loading properties of CS/D were studied in comparison to diatomite as a separated phase and achieved a loading capacity of 562.6 mg/g. The loading reactions of IB into CS/D show pseudo-second-order kinetic behavior and Langmuir isotherm properties. This demonstrates homogeneous loading processes in monolayer forms and controlled essentially by physical mechanisms. This was confirmed by the calculated Gaussian energy (7.7 kJ/mol (D) and 7.9 kJ/mol (CS/D)) in addition to the thermodynamic parameters. The thermodynamic behavior for the IB loading process is related to spontaneous, favorable, and exothermic reactions. The CS/D composite is of promising IB release profile that extended to about 200 h with a maximum release of 91.5% at the gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and 97.3% in the intestinal fluid (pH 7.4). The IB release rate from CS/D can be controlled based on the ratio of the integrated chitosan in the composite. The IB release reactions from CS/D follow the assumption of Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics with determined values for the diffusion exponent reflects complex diffusion and erosion as the affected mechanisms during the IB release process.