Problematic Internet Use and Psychological or Physical Variables in University Students

Abstract

Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is becoming common among university students. This research set out to identify the psychological and physical variables associated with PIU and examine the influence of PIU on these variables. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The review found 51 studies with a total sample size of 136,760 subjects, while 12 studies were identified for the meta-analysis. The results showed that the main psychological and physical variables associated with PIU are a lack of self-control, anxiety, low self-esteem, low levels of physical activity, and low academic self-efficacy. However, the meta-analysis found that only PIU – for which statistically significant differences were observed – was a predictor of anxiety and low self-esteem. Lastly, this paper discusses the practical implications of this research and the need for preventive action and education on the proper use of technology.