Prevention and management of vision loss relating to facial filler injections

Abstract

INTRODUCTION With the increased use of filler and fat injections for aesthetic purposes,there has been a corresponding increase in the incidence of complications. Vision loss as an uncommon but devastating vascular side effect of filler injections was the focus of this paper. METHODS A review committee,consisting of plastic surgeons,aesthetic medical practitioners,ophthalmologists and dermatologists from Singapore,was convened by the Society of Aesthetic Medicine (Singapore) to review and recommend methods for the prevention and management of vision loss secondary to filler injections. RESULTS The committee agreed that prevention through proper understanding of facial anatomy and good injection techniques was of foremost importance. The committee acknowledged that there is currently no standard management for these cases. Based on existing knowledge,injectors may follow a proposed course of action,which can be divided into immediate,definitive and supportive. The goals were to reduce intraocular pressure,dislodge the embolus to a more peripheral location,remove or reverse central ischaemia,preserve residual retinal function,and prevent the deterioration of vision. Dissolving a hyaluronic acid embolus remains a controversial option. It is proposed that injectors must be trained to recognise symptoms,institute immediate actions and refer patients without delay to dedicated specialists for definitive and supportive management. CONCLUSIONS Steps to prevent and manage vision loss based on current evidence and best clinical practices are outlined in this paper. Empirical referral to any emergency department or untrained doctors may lead to inordinate delays and poor outcomes for the affected eye.