ZY15557, a novel, long acting inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors increase levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and provide clinical benefit in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. As longer acting inhibitors have therapeutic advantages, we developed a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, ZY15557, that has a sustained action and long half-life. Experimental Approach: We studied the potency, selectivity, efficacy and duration of action of ZY15557, in vitro, with assays of DPP-4 activity. In vivo, the pharmacodymamics and pharmacokinetics of ZY15557 were studied, using db/db mice and Zucker fatty rats, along with normal mice, rats, dogs and non-human primates. Key Results: ZY15557 is a potent, competitive and long acting inhibitor of DPP-4 (Ki 5.53 nM; Koff 3.2 × 10−4·s−1, half-life 35.8 min). ZY15557 treatment inhibited DPP-4 activity, and enhanced active GLP-1 and insulin in mice and rats, providing dose-dependent anti-hyperglycaemic effects. Anti-hyperglycaemic effects were also observed in db/db mice and Zucker fatty rats. Following oral dosing, ZY15557 significantly inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity, determined ex vivo, in mice and rats for more than 48 h, and for up to 168 h in dogs and non-human primates. Allometric scaling predicts a half-life for ZY15557 in humans of up to 60 h. Conclusions and Implications: ZY15557 is a potent, competitive and long acting DPP-4 inhibitor. ZY15557 showed similar DPP-4 inhibition across different species. ZY15557 showed excellent oral bioavailability in preclinical species. It showed a low plasma clearance (CL) and large volume of distribution (Vss) across species, resulting in an extended half-life.