The Impact of Hormonal Contraceptives on the Incidence and Progression of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review examines the impact of hormonal contraceptives on the incidence and progression of cardiovascular diseases in women. We analyzed 14 high-quality studies published between 1998 and 2018, including meta-analyses, cohort studies, case-control studies, and systematic reviews. The aim was to synthesize the current understanding of the relationship between various hormonal contraceptives and cardiovascular risks, focusing on outcomes such as venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. The 14 selected studies represent a comprehensive and diverse body of evidence, allowing for a nuanced analysis of the topic. Our findings indicate that combined oral contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, with the magnitude of risk varying based on estrogen dose, progestogen type, and individual risk factors. The review of these studies highlights the importance of personalized risk assessment in contraceptive counseling and prescribing practices. By synthesizing data from these key studies, we provide a consolidated view of the current state of knowledge regarding hormonal contraceptives and cardiovascular health, offering valuable insights for both clinicians and researchers in the field.