Assessment of renal impairment using estimated glomerular filtration rate among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in North-East Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the known cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Targeted screening of renal impairment based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among DM patients has potential benefits in early identification and treatment of CKD. Hence, this study was aimed to estimate the magnitude of renal impairment using eGFR among type 2 DM patients. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February-1 to April 30/2020 among 422 type 2 DM patients in Northeast Ethiopia. Data were collected by the semi-structured questioner and serum creatinine measurement. The collected data were edited into Epi-data manager version 4.4.1.0, and the analysis was performed by SPSS-25. The Simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI), and Cockcroft-Gault (C-G) equations were used to calculate eGFR. Results: Of all study participants, 82(19.4%), 92(21.8%), and 103(24.4%) had eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, according to the MDRD, CKD-EPI, and C-G equations, respectively. Female sex, (MDRD:AOR = 4.44, 95%CI:1.97–9.97, CKD-EPI:AOR = 3.17, 95%CI:1.27–6.17, and C-G:AOR = 2.65, 95%CI:1.35–5.21), duration ≥ 10 years (MDRD:AOR = 3.38, 95%CI:1.45–7.92, CKD-EPI:AOR = 3.09, 95%CI:1.07–7.77, and C-G:AOR = 2.92, 95%CI:1.29–6.61), age ˃60 years (MDRD:AOR = 2.29, 95%CI:1.09–4.77, CKD-EPI:AOR = 4.12, 95%CI:1.68–6.78, and C-G: AOR = 3.42, 95%CI:1.77–6.60), hypertension (MDRD:AOR = 3.12, 95%CI:1.51–6.45, CKD-EPI: AOR = 4.21,95%CI:2.07–7.98, and C-G:AOR = 3.99, 95%CI:2.08–7.65), poor glycemic control (MDRD:AOR = 2.82, 95%CI:1.13–7.05, and C-G:AOR = 2.34, 95%CI:1.09–5.04), and body mass index (MDRD:AOR = 1.11, 95%CI:1.01–1.22, and CKD-EPI:AOR = 2.43, 95%CI:1.27–5.76) were significantly associated with renal impairment. Conclusion: Renal impairment was prevalent among type 2 DM patients. Older age, female sex, duration, hypertension, poor glycemic control, and BMI were significantly associated with renal impairment.