Molecular Study of Diazinon Toxicity Based on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) Expression in Hepatocytes and Kidney Histopathology of Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract

Diazinon is an organophosphate insecticide that are widely used to eradicate pests but has a higher toxicity than other insecticides. Diazinon that accidentally consumed per orally has its impact in increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) will activate proinflammatory cytokine which will induce the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) at which iNOS will produce Nitric Oxide (NO) as free radical. High level of ROS will cause damage to the cells. This study was aimed to determine the toxicity effect of diazinon toward iNOS expression in liver and kidney histopathology of rats (Rattus norvegicus). The rats were divided into 4 groups which consist of negative control group and three experimental groups which were given diazinon 20 mg/kgBW (P1), 40 mg/kgBW (P2), and 60 mg/kgBW (P3). The parameters that was observed in this research are the expression of iNOS in liver using Immunohistochemistry staining then analyzed using one way ANOVA followed with Tukey test (α=0,05), and kidney histopathology that was observed using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and analyzed qualitative descriptively. The results showed that administration of diazinon per orally was significantly increased iNOS expression (p<0,001) in liver and caused damage to the kidney's cortex that was shown by inflammatory cell infiltration, necrotic of kidney tubule cells, and hemorrhage in inter-tubular space.