Successful initiation of combined therapy with valproate sodium injection and divalproex sodium extended-release tablets in the epilepsy monitoring unit

Abstract

Purpose: Patients in epilepsy monitoring units (EMUs) often require aggressive initiation or reinitiation of therapy before discharge. We developed a simple dosing scheme using valproate sodium injection (VPA-IV) and divalproex sodium extended-release (VPA-ER) tablets to minimize the time required for initiation of therapy, without increasing the likelihood of seizures and adverse effects. Methods: We identified 42 patients in the EMU, naïve to VPA-IV and VPA-ER. for whom one of the discharge AEDs included divalproex sodium. On the day of discharge, patients were loaded with 20 mg/kg VPA-IV at 6 mg/kg/min, followed by ∼20 mg/kg VPA-ER within 1 h. The discharge daily dose of VPA-ER was identical to the dose given after the IV load. We assessed tolerability and seizure occurrence during infusion, at 1 h, 4 h, and 1 week after discharge. Results: All patients tolerated the VPA-IV dose followed by VPA-ER. Four patients reported mild nausea, and two patients reported mild dizziness within 4 h, No seizures or significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure occurred within 4 h, and all patients were discharged the same day. All patients denied systemic complaints at 1 week, and five had seizures during the week after discharge. All patients had improved seizure frequencies at the end of the first week. Conclusions: VPA-IV is well tolerated and convenient for rapid loading in the EMU. When promptly followed by VPA-ER, seizure control remains excellent. © 2005 International League Against Epilepsy.