Teachers’ Perceived Barriers to Implementation of Physical Education: Examining the Administration of Physical Education Programme and the Provision of Non-human Resources

Abstract

This study investigated the perception of Physical Education (PE) teachers on barriers to implementation of PE programme in terms of the administration of PE programme, and the provision of non-human resources. A total of 248 PEmajor teachers were surveyed using questionnaires which were mailed to schools. The sample consisted of almost 63% male teachers and the majority was under 40 years of age. A 12-item questionnaire was used to assess the administration of the PE programme, and the provision of non-human resources. Results showed that a majority of administrators did not assume PE important; they did not seek consensus in assigning teaching duty, did not discuss teaching and learning factors, and did not organize staff training programme (STP). Older teachers and teachers with 15 years of teaching experience or more agreed that administrators discuss their teaching assignment, observe them, and organize STP. Respondents also perceived inadequacy of facilities, equipment, financial allocation, and reference books in the school PE programme. Male teachers, younger teachers and teachers with less teaching experience concurred the inadequacy of human resources. It is recommended that further research on solving PE human resource problems and PE administration be undertaken. Specifically, greater attention should be given to the needs of younger and junior PE teachers.