Exploring the relationship between epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract

Background. Epilepsy is frequently observed as a comorbid condition across a broad spectrum of neurological disorders, including various neurodegenerative diseases. Aims. To explore the relationship between epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases. Methods. This was an analytical, retrospective, observational, and longitudinal study. Inclusion criteria: patients with epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer disease, Down syndrome, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson disease, Lafora disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) from June to December 2024 at a tertiary private hospital. Study variables: age, gender, grade of dementia (Global Deterioration Scale), type of epilepsy, electroencephalogram abnormalities, alterations in magnetic resonance imaging, treatment, and evolution of epilepsy. Information was analyzed in SPSS software. Results. We selected 50 patients with epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases. An association was found between severe grades of dementia and drug-resistant epilepsy, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Conclusion. A bidirectional relationship has been identified between dementia and epilepsy. Individuals diagnosed with dementing conditions, such as Alzheimer disease, exhibit a heightened risk of developing epilepsy. Conversely, those with epilepsy face a significantly elevated likelihood of subsequently developing dementia. This reciprocal association underscores the need for integrated research and clinical strategies to address both conditions concurrently.