Pregnancy and childbirth characteristics description in teenagers Aged 15 to 19 years old in dr. Zainoel Abidin general hospital Banda Aceh in January 2020 to December 2022

Abstract

Introduction: The occurrence of teenage pregnancy and childbirth carries notable social and health implications, prompting concerns within public health domains. Given the ongoing development of reproductive organs during adolescence, early pregnancy poses considerable medical risks. Such risks encompass maternal and newborn mortality, fetal or infant abnormalities, conditions like preeclampsia and eclampsia, premature delivery, low birth weight, sexually transmitted disease (STDs), and postpartum depression.Objective: This study aims to delineate the characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth among individuals aged 15 to 19 years.Methods: This observational descriptive study employed retrospective medical records of pregnant adolescents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and delivered babies between January 2020 and December 2022 at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.Results: The research analyzed data from 55 pregnant adolescents who delivered babies at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital in Banda Aceh between January 2020 and December 2022. Among these individuals, 41.80% were 19 years old when pregnant, 49.1% originated from Aceh Besar, 49.1% had completed junior high school, 76.4% were married, 58.2% experienced pregnancies with complications, 27.3% faced premature membrane rupture, 56.4% encountered no labor complications, and 20.0% had preterm labor.Conclusion: This research offers a comprehensive insight into teenage pregnancy dynamics in Banda Aceh, underscoring age as a pivotal determinant and the impact of educational and societal factors. It underscores the necessity for targeted interventions to address these factors and alleviate the detrimental effects of early childbirth on adolescent health and well- being.