Pengaruh Iradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Karakter Kualitas Hasil Umbi Tiga Aksesi Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Asal Bangka

Abstract

Tanaman ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) merupakan tanaman pangan sumber karbohidrat setelah padi dan jagung. Ubi Kayu di Bangka masih memiliki kandungan Fitokimia yang masih tergolong sangat rendah. Tujuan penelitan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan iradiasi pada kualitas ubi kayu pada aksesi lokal dan varietas nasional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 4 bulan dimulai bulan Oktober 2017 – Januari 2018, di Kebun Percobaan dan Penelitian, Laboratorium Agroteknologi, dan Laboratorium Dasar Fakultas Pertanian, Perikanan dan Biologi, Universitas Bangka Belitung. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Split Plot Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan Petak Utama adalah perlakuan radiasi sinar gamma dengan dosis 0 gray dan 15 gray sedangkan Anak Petak adalah aksesi atau varietas ubi kayu. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan uji F dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan iradiasi dan jenis aksesi mempengaruhi kualitas umbi. Perlakuan iradiasi mampu meningkatkan kadar pati, kadar air, dan kadar HCN. Aksesi rakit merupakan aksesi yang terbaik dari aksesi lainnya karena memiliki kualitas terbaik pada kadar pati, kadar air, kadar rendemen, dan kadar amilosa. Terdapat interaksi antara iradiasi dan aksesi seperti kadar abu dan kadar HCN.Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a food crop plant carbohydrate after rice and corn. Bangka local cassava has different starch content at each accession. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of irradiation treatment on the quality of Bangka local cassava and national variety. This research had been conducted on October 2017 – January 2018, at experimental and research gardens, agrotechnology laboratory, and Science laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Fishery and Biology, University of Bangka Belitung. This research used split-plot design with the main plot is irradiation treatment while the subplot is accession or variety of cassava. Data analyzed by using F test with 95% of significant levels. The observations results showed that irradiation treatment and accession varieties cassava affecting the tubers quality. Irradiation is the best treatment because this treatment has the best value on starch content, water content, and cyanide acid content. Type of accession affected the quality of the tubers. Rakit accession is the best accession which can make as flour because it has the best starch content, water content, flour rendemen, dan amylose content. There was an interaction between irradiation and accession on the value of ash content and cyanide acid content.