Naltrexone/bupropion for binge-eating disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract

Objective: Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder associated with obesity. Few evidence-based treatments exist for BED, particularly pharmacological options. This study tested the efficacy of naltrexone/bupropion for BED. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week trial tested naltrexone/bupropion for BED with and without obesity. Eighty-nine patients (70.8% women, 69.7% White, mean age 45.7 y, mean BMI 35.1 kg/m2, 77.5% with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were randomized to placebo (n = 46) or naltrexone/bupropion (n = 43), with randomization stratified by obesity status and gender; 92.1% completed post-treatment assessments. Results: Mixed models of binge-eating frequency revealed significant reductions that did not differ significantly between naltrexone/bupropion and placebo. Logistic regression of binge-eating remission rates revealed that naltrexone/bupropion and placebo did not differ significantly. Obesity status did not predict, or moderate, binge-eating outcomes considered either continuously or categorically. Mixed models revealed that naltrexone/bupropion was associated with significantly greater percentage weight loss than placebo. Logistic regression revealed that naltrexone/bupropion had significantly higher rates of attaining ≥5% weight loss than placebo (27.9% vs. 6.5%). Obesity status did not predict or moderate weight-loss outcomes. Conclusions: Naltrexone/bupropion did not demonstrate effectiveness for reducing binge eating relative to placebo but showed effectiveness for weight reduction in patients with BED. Obesity status did not predict or moderate medication outcomes.