Research progress of green infrastructure oriented by landscape planning: From the perspective of "pattern-process-services-sustainability" research paradigm

Abstract

China is in the important period of New- type Urbanization and ecological civilization construction, and introducing green infrastructure planning framework is of great significance in urban development and ecological protection. Based on "pattern- process-services- sustainability" landscape ecology paradigm, this study reviewed Chinese and international research on green infrastructure (GI) in the landscape scale in recent years. Results show that, in terms of the research on GI pattern, landscape pattern metric method is still the most common one. For landscape connectivity, the structural connectivity method such as Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis has advantages of calculating simplification and high applicability, but it lacks clear ecological meanings. However, the functional connectivity method including graph theory serves specific ecological process, which will be research core in the future. Research on GI process focuses on biological migration based on the theory and method of ecological network, and its planning process can be divided into 3 parts: selection of core areas, construction of resistance surface and identification of potential corridors. In terms of research on GI ecosystem services, biophysical model and economic value model are widely used in the evaluation of regulating, provisioning and supporting services, and cultural services evaluation takes human feeling derived from questionnaire surveys as the basic data. Additionally, research on demand for ecosystem services involves real consumption and preference of ecosystem services, and its quantitative evaluation and planning application should be further explored. In terms of research on GI landscape sustainability, based on identification of the total amount of ecosystem services provided by GI, trade- offs and synergies between ecosystem services have been taken into consideration in GI planning, and scenario planning can simulate dynamics of GI ecosystem services. Finally, landscape sustainability should be set as the ultimate objective of GI planning, and then 4 research prospects were put forward, including: paying attention to basic research on interaction of pattern and process, deepening research on demand of GI ecosystem services, identifying tradeoffs and synergies between ecosystem services and connecting GI with practical planning.