Pre-Reflective Thinking in Solving PISA-Like Questions in Terms of Self-Confidence

Abstract

Reflective thinking starts with the emergence of confusion that can be overcome by students by reinvestigating for problem-solving. This study aims to analyze and describe students' confusion in solving PISA-like questions in terms of self-confidence. In solving the questions, this study used the Polya stage which consists of understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with a population of class VIII students in a private junior high school in Karanganyar City, Indonesia with a total of 24 students. The results of the study showed that students with high self-confidence were confused at the stages of carrying out the plan and looking back. Then, students with moderate self-confidence experienced confusion at the stages of understanding the problem, carrying out the plan, and looking back. Meanwhile, students with low self-confidence were difficult to detect as they tended to be passive and did not believe in their abilities. One of the confusions that can be detected in students with low self-confidence was at the stage of carrying out the plan. Samples from each confidence level selected by snowball sampling. The data were collected by using the think-aloud technique with the supporting instrument of a validated PISA-like question test. The data validation used a method triangulation technique. Data on students' self-confidence were obtained from distributing questionnaires to the entire population.