Effects of multidisciplinary interventions on weight loss and health outcomes in children and adolescents with morbid obesity

Abstract

Objective: Morbid obesity is the fastest growing subcategory of childhood obesity, associated with an increased health risk that persists into adulthood. There is an urgent need to develop multifaceted interventions that target initial and long-term lifestyle changes. This review investigates the effects of multidisciplinary interventions on weight loss and health outcomes in children and adolescents with morbid obesity. The influence of age, gender and family participation on health outcomes and intensive treatment alternatives are explored. Methods: The review includes 16 studies conducted between 1995 and 2017. Studies examined youth with morbid obesity, 4–18 years old, undergoing multidisciplinary treatment. Results: All studies found a reduction in body mass index (BMI or z-score) and if measured, cardiovascular risk factors. Physical activity, nutrition education, behavioural modification and family involvement are commonly included treatment components and have improved weight loss and health-related outcomes. However, initial weight loss was often not sustainable, despite the favourable interventional effect on cardiometabolic risk markers. Weight loss was prolonged in younger children and among the male sex. Conclusions: There is not a ‘one-size-fits-all’ treatment approach, and matched care to personal needs is preferable. The integration of a chronic care approach is critical for the successful adaption of sustainable health behaviours.