Relationship of Body Fat Distribution and Anthropometric Status with Lipid Profiles in Ethnic Minang Adult Women

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing, and it is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. One of the indicators of metabolic syndrome is dyslipidemia. Objective: This study analyzes adult women's body fat distribution, anthropometric status, and lipid profiles. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with simple random sampling. A total of 159 adult women aged 25-44 living in the Pesisir Selatan district participated in the study. Ethical approval was obtained, and the respondents were not taking cholesterol-lowering drugs. Body fat distribution, anthropometric status, and lipid profile data were assessed using standard procedures and compared with the categories recommended for Indonesian women. Results: The average age of respondents was 36.6 years. 45.3% of the respondents suffered from dyslipidemia. Most of them were obese based on BMI and had central obesity based on WC. Additionally, 76% had an above-normal fat mass. Lipid profile data showed that some (45.3%) had high total cholesterol, 44% had high LDL, 8% had high TG, and a small proportion (15%) had low HDL levels. There was a significant relationship (p < 0.01) between body fat distribution and anthropometric status with lipid profiles, except for total cholesterol (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between body fat percentage, BMI, and WC with HDL, while a positive correlation existed between body fat percentage, BMI, and WC with TG and LDL levels. Conclusions: Obesity is found to be higher, and dyslipidemia begins to occur in women at a younger age, increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome. Education and routine screening are necessary to prevent non-communicable diseases.