The design of ZnO nanorod arrays coated with MnOx for high electrochemical stability of a pseudocapacitor electrode

Abstract

Tremendous efforts have been made on the development of unique electrochemical capacitors or pseudocapacitors due to the overgrowing electrical energy demand. Here, the authors report a new and simple strategy for fabricating hybrid MnOx-coated ZnO nanorod arrays. First, the vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) as a template providing a large surface area for active material deposition. The manganese oxide was subsequently coated onto the surface of the ZnO nanorods to form a hybrid MnOx-coated ZnO nanostructure by anodic deposition in a manganese acetate (MnA)-containing aqueous solution. The hybrid structure of MnOx-coated ZnO nanorod arrays exhibits a large surface area and high conductivity, essential for enhancing the faradaic processes across the interface and improving redox reactions at active MnOx sites. A certain concentration of the deposition solution was selected for the MnOx coating, which was studied as a function of deposition time. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves showed that the specific capacitance (SC) of the MnOx-coated ZnO nanostructure was 222 F/g for the deposition times at 10 s when the concentration of MnA solution was 0.25 M. The unique hybrid nanostructures also exhibit excellent cycling stability with >97.5% capacitance retention after 1200 CV cycles. The proposed simple and cost-effective method of fabricating hybrid nanostructures may pave the way for mass production of future intelligent and efficient electrochemical energy storage devices.