Hyperekplexia associated with compound heterozygote mutations in the β-subunit of the human inhibitory glycine receptor (GLRB)

Abstract

Hyperekplexia (MIM: 149400) is an neurological disorder characterized by an excessive startle response which can be caused by mutations in the α1-subunit (GLRA1) of the heteropentameric human inhibitory glycine receptor (hGlyR). These receptors facilitate fast-response, inhibitory glycinergic neurotransmission in the brainstem and spinal cord leading to a rapid modification and reduction of the excitatory startle response. Mutations in the β-subunit of GlyR (glrb) occur in a murine model of hyperekplexia (spastic), but have not been detected in human hyperekplexia. Following mutation analysis of the human β-subunit of hGlyR (GLRB) in a cohort of 22 hyperekplexia patients, we provide evidence to confirm that GLRB mutations can cause human hyperekplexia. A missense (G920A resulting in G229D) and a splice site mutation (IVS5+5G→A) occurred together in a compound heterozygote with a transient hyperekplexia phenotype. Exon trap analysis revealed that IVS5+5G→A results in the exclusion of exon 5 from GLRB transcripts. Electrophysiological studies showed reduced sensitivity to agonist mediated activation of the α1β (G229D) GlyR suggesting that GlyR β-subunits are not restricted to conferring modulatory influences and maintaining structural integrity, but may also play a functional role in hGlyR ligand binding.