Alterations in cardiac vagal modulation-to-vagal tone ratio in response to accumulated exercise stress in intermittent team sport

Abstract

Study aim: This investigation examined the cardiac vagal modulation-to-vagal tone ratio and its utility to represent the dose response to accumulated exercise stress in intermittent team sport.Material and methods: Fourteen international calibre female field hockey players training as part of a national team were participants over a three-week period. Exercise stress was expressed through cardiovascular strain using heart rate (HR) dynamics and was quantified as a training load (AU) and time spent exercising above anaerobic threshold (min). Cardiac autonomic activity was examined using heart rate variability; R-R intervals (ms) were collected immediately upon awakening throughout each weekend. The square root of the mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals were individually calculated, and log transformed prior to being averaged (Ln rMSSD) along with the corresponding mean R-R interval length. Multiple linear regression analysis examined the association between cardiac autonomic activity and indices of accumulated exercise stress. Results: Significant inverse associations (95% CI) between the Ln rMSSD:R-R ratio and both training load [r = -0.48 (-0.70: -0.18), p = 0.012] and time spent exercising above anaerobic threshold [r = -0.51 (-0.72 : -0.22), p = 0.006] were observed. The association between mean R-R interval length and Ln rMSSD was not significant [r = 0.05, p = 0.950]. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated high intensity exercise, as defined through time spent above anaerobic threshold, displayed a stronger association with the Ln rMSSD:R-R ratio compared to a HR-derived training load when examining the dose response to accumulated intermittent exercise.