Genotypic variations of Tamarix aphylla (L.) H.Karst. population for heavy metal phytoremediation: a case study in Markazi province, Iran

Abstract

Background: In recent years, there has been a growing focus on utilizing suitable plant species for the extraction of heavy metals from contaminated soils. Trees offer a more economically viable option for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils as their extensive root systems, substantial biomass, lower requirements, and management contribute to reduced operational costs. This study seeks to enhance the understanding of metal accumulation in Tamarix aphylla (L.) H.Karst. and to investigate the variation among different genotypes from the Markazi province in Iran. The genotypes were selected from 11 distinct locations within central Markazi province. One-year-old cuttings were planted in contaminated soil from the effluent outlet of an industrial area in mid-April. The morpho-physiological characteristics and levels of heavy metals in the plant tissues were assessed after a duration of three months. Results: The results revealed that the roots of the Ahmad-Abad genotype exhibited the highest levels of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc absorption, whereas its branches demonstrated the greatest sodium uptake. Notably, the Ahmad-Abad genotype also showed the highest potassium absorption. Collectively, these findings suggest that the Ahmad-Abad genotype is particularly suitable for phytoremediation efforts in contaminated environments due to its capacity to accumulate elevated levels of heavy metals. Conclusions: The research study provides valuable insights into genetic variation, ecotype diversity, and the potential for genetic engineering to enhance phytoremediation processes in T. aphylla.