Physician burnout in Maryland: young female physicians at highest risk during COVID-19

Abstract

Background: To examine the prevalence of burnout, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Maryland physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify demographic and professional characteristics associated with increased risk. Methods: A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted between December 2020 and February 2021 using the Maryland Medical Society (MedChi) physician database. A total of 773 physicians participated, excluding 24 physicians in training. Participants reported demographics, practice characteristics, and COVID-19 exposure. Screening tools for burnout were the Maslach Burnout Inventory, depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-2; and PTSD with the Short PTSD Rating Interview. Data were analyzed using t tests, chi-squared tests, and logistic regression. Results: The burnout screening was positive, and as reported by most respondents, notable rates of depression and PTSD were also observed. These outcomes were more prevalent among female-identifying physicians, those in primary care, physicians with fewer years of practice, and those with direct exposure to COVID-19 patients. Burnout was associated with higher rates of depression, PTSD, and intent to leave medicine. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of Maryland physicians, particularly among specific high-risk groups. These findings highlight the need for systemic interventions to reduce occupational stress and support physician well-being. Future research should explore long-term mental health outcomes and evaluate systemic and tailored interventions.